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The Schengen Information System (SIS), is a governmental database used by European countries to maintain and distribute information on individuals and pieces of property of interest. The intended uses of this system are national security, border control and law enforcement. A second technical version of this system, SIS II went live as scheduled on 9 April 2013〔http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_IP-13-309_en.pdf〕 under the responsibility of the European Commission. Information in SIS is shared among institutions of the countries participating in the Schengen Agreement Application Convention (SAAC). The five original participating countries were France, Germany, Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg. Twenty additional countries have joined the system since its creation: Spain, Portugal, Italy, Austria, Greece, Finland, Sweden, Switzerland, Denmark, Iceland, Norway, Estonia, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovakia and Slovenia. Currently, the Schengen Information System is used by 27 countries. Among the current participants, Iceland, Norway, and Switzerland are not members of the European Union. Although Ireland and the United Kingdom have not signed the Schengen Agreement Application Convention, they take part in Schengen co-operation under the terms of the Treaty of Amsterdam, which introduced the provisions of ''Schengen Acquis'' into the European Union. ''Schengen Acquis'' allows the United Kingdom and Ireland to take part in all or part of the Schengen convention arrangements. Ireland and the United Kingdom use the Schengen Information System for law enforcement purposes.〔Europa: (The Schengen area and cooperation )〕 Ireland and the United Kingdom do not have access to Article 26D (former 96) data because these countries do not intend to remove the border controls between themselves and the rest of Europe. European citizens still have the right of free movement to the UK and Ireland but must pass through a border control point, unlike the rest of the Schengen signatory countries, in which internal border controls have been largely abolished. == General description == SIS information is stored according to the legislation of each participating country. There are more than 46 million〔http://www.statewatch.org/news/2013/mar/eu-council-sis-stats-7389-13.pdf〕 entries (called alerts) in the SIS, most covering lost identity documents. Person alerts make up around 1.9% of the database (≈885,000 records), with each alert containing information items such as: * First and last names; middle initial * Date of birth * Sex * Nationality * Known aliases * Whether the person in question was armed and/or violent * Reason for the alert * Action to be taken if person is encountered The remainder of the database is populated with alerts relating to: * Lost, stolen, or misappropriated firearms * Lost, stolen, or misappropriated identity documents * Lost, stolen, or misappropriated blank identity documents * Lost, stolen, or misappropriated motor vehicles * Lost, stolen, or misappropriated banknotes The SIS does not record travellers' entries into and exits from the Schengen Area (there is no Schengen-wide centralised database tracking entries and exits in all 26 Schengen Member States). However, 10 Schengen Member States (Estonia, Finland, Greece, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia and Spain), as well as Bulgaria, Cyprus and Romania, have national databases which record travellers' entries and exits, although data is not exchanged among the national databases of these countries.〔(Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing an Entry/Exit System (EES) to register entry and exit data of third country nationals crossing the external borders of the Member States of the European Union, pg. 2 )〕〔(Council of the European Union: Questionnaire on the possible creation of a system of electronic recording of entries and exits of third country nationals in the Schengen area (Reply from Greece) )〕〔(European Commission Memo: 'Smart Borders': for an open and secure Europe )〕 A second version of the system (SIS II) is in preparation. SIS II will include the ability to store new types of data and further integrate with the new Member States of the European Union. The SIS II system will also be open to use by a greater number of institutions (for example, by legal authorities such as Europol). Personal data will be readable through one centralised data system in all Europe, by the police force and by customs during identity checks. (Although this type of implementation remains in the future, local use would be under the responsibility of and limited by the technical capabilities of each Member State.) Some would like to use these technical changes to allow the system to be used for investigational purposes, most Member States wish the function of the SIS system to remain strictly limited to police alter-identity checks, leaving the role of cross-border criminal investigations to Europol. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Schengen Information System」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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